Carbine stabilizer



S p 1961 o. B. VARONA ET AL CARBINE STABILIZER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiledJuly 29, 1959 NTORS AW,

ATTD R NEYE Ens p 1951 o. B. VARONA ETAL CARBINE STABILIZER 3Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 29, 1959 ATTORNEYS Sept. 19, 1961 o. B. VARONAETAL CARBINE STABILIZER 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 29, 1959 UnitedStates Patent 3,000,269 CARBINE STABILIZER Oscar Bilbao Varona andOlivia Bilbao Varona, both of 17 N. Road Cubao, Quezon City, PhilippineRepublic Filed July 29,- 1959, Ser. No. 830,401 6 Claims. (Cl. 89-198)This invention relates to firearms of the carbine M-l type as used bythe Army, and in particular, a ri-fle having a sliding barrel andreceiver with a stabilizer spring for taking the recoil and returningthe barrel and receiver to the firing position, and with means forreadily converting the firearm from semi-automatic to full-automaticoperation and also from full-automatic to semi-automatic operation.

The purpose of this invention is to minimize the recoil action offirearms and to provide means for operating a conventional hammerretaining sear with an auxiliary sear through a pivotally mounted dogwith the auxiliary sear adapted to be actuated by a trigger and with thetrigger adapted to coact with a selector for fullor semi-automaticoperation.

The invention includes firearms that have been provided for Army use andelements have been incorporated in firearms to minimize the recoil, andfor converting firearms from semi-automatic to full-automatic operationor from full-automatic to semi-automatic operation, however, suchdevices provide ways and means to compensate the recoil efiectively andconcentrate the group shots in full-automatic fire to the target.

With this thought in mind, this invention contemplates a firearm havinga stock with a trigger assembly mounted thereon and a barrel, receiverand hammer assembly slidably mounted in an elongated opening in thestock and provided with an elongated stabilizing spring whereby therecoil of the sliding barrel and receiver assembly is taken by thespring instead of being transmitted to the shoulder of the personoperating the firearm.

The object of this invention is, therefore, to provide an improvedfirearm of the type adapted to be converted from semi-automatic tofull-automatic operation or from full-automatic to semi-automaticoperation by abutton selector slidably mounted in the trigger housingwherein the recoil action is taken by a sliding movement of the barreland receiver in combination with a stabilizing spring.

Another object of the invention is to provide a firearm having anauxiliary sear adapted to be operated by a trigger in combination with aselector in which the auxiliary sear actuates the conventional sear forreleasing the hammer through a pivotally mounted dog and a pair of armswhereby the device may readily be converted from semi-automatic tofull-automatic operation by sliding parts laterally in the triggerassembly. 1

Another important object of the invention is to provide a firearm of thecarbine M-l type that is to be readily converted into full automatic orfrom full automatic to semi-automatic in which the operatinginstrumentalities are adapted to be incorporated in a stock ofaconventional size. i

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved firearm ofthe carbine. M1 type in which the device is adapted to be converted fromsemi-automatic to full automatic and from full automatic tosemi-automatic in which the firearm is of a simple and economicalconstruction.

With these and other objects and advantages in view, the inventionembodies a firearm having a stock with an elongated vertically disposedslot extended therethrough, a barrel and receiver slidably mounted inthe stock, a trigger assembly including an auxiliary sear with a dogpivotally mounted thereon, a selector, a latch, ando ther v "iceassociated instrumentalities fixedly mounted on the stock, aconventional hammer having a driving spring in combination therewithpivotally mounted in the reeciver and slidably mounted in the stock, anda stabilizing spring mounted in the stock and positioned to carry thebarrel and receiver forwardly in the contrary action.

:Other'features and advantages of the invention will appear from thefollowing description, taken in connection with the drawings, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a plan view showing the intermediate portion of the improvedfirearm with parts ofthe barrel and stock broken away.

FIGURE 2 is a longitudinal section through the fire arm taken on line2-2 of FIGURE 1 also with parts of the barrel and stock broken away.

FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal section through the intermediate part of thefirearm with the hammer in the firing position showing the trigger andhammer operating assemblies, with the parts shown on an enlarged scale,and with parts of the stock and barrel broken away.

FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal section similar to that shown in FIGURE 3illustrating the position of the parts with the hammer in the cockedposition.

. FIGURE 5 is a view looking upwardly toward the under surface of theintermediate part of thefirearm, being taken on line 5-5 of FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 6 is a cross section through the intermediate part of the firearmtaken on line 6-6 of FIGURE 3 also showing the firearm with the parts onan enlarged scale.

FIGURE 7 is a longitudinal section through the intermediate part of thefirearm with the parts shown substantially as in FIGURE 4 and showingthe relative position of the parts when converted to the full-automaticposition.

FIGURE 8 is a longitudinal section similar to that shown in FIGURE 7showing the hammer in the firing position. a.

FIGURE 9 is a sectional plan through the intermediate part of thefirearm taken on line 9-9 of FIGURE 8 showing the relative positions ofthe parts and also showing the mounting of the stabilizing spring. 7

FIGURE 10 is a sectional plan taken on line 10-10 of FIGURE 8 showingthe conversion elements in the full-automatic position.

FIGURE 11 is a longitudinal section through the firearm taken on line11-11 of FIGURE 10 showing the selector and latch extended from the endthereof.

FIGURE 12 is a cross section through the firearm taken on line 12-12 ofFIGURE 7 illustrating the mounting of the button by which the device isconverted from semi-automatic to full-automatic operation or fromfull-automatic to semi-automatic operation.

' FIGURE 13 is a longitudinal section through the firearm showing theselector, auxiliary sear and trigger with ,the parts assembled forfull-automatic operation and also showing the slot in the stock of thefirearm in which the barrel and receiver are slidably mounted.

FIGURE 14 is a view similar to that shown in FIG- URE 13 looking fromthe opposite side of the firearm showing the auxiliary sear, with theview being taken along the line 14-14 of FIGURE 10. r

FIGURE 15 is a view illustrating the dog positioned between the end ofthe auxiliarly scar and a tooth of the selector.

FIGURE 16 is a perspective view of the dog that is pivotally mounted onthe auxiliary sear.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters denotecorresponding parts, the improved carbine of this invention includes astock 10, a barrel 11 and a receiver 12 that are slidably mounted in thestock, a stabilizer spring 13 for absorbing the shock and returning thebarrel and receiver, a hammer 14, a conventional sear 15, a pivotallymounted dog 16, an auxiliary sear 17 3 to the forward end of which thedog 16 is pivotally attached, a triggger 18 and a selector 19.

The parts are assembled and mounted in the fiearm with the hammerpivotally mounted by a pin 20 in the receiver and actuated in the firingaction by a spring 21, the sear 15 pivotally mounted with a pin 22 andalso carried in the receiver, a trigger pivotally mounted with a pin 23and with the selector 19 positioned to actuate a latch 24 that ispositioned to extend into a notch 25 in a rod 26 extended from thereceiver for retaining the parts in the semi-automatic position and withthe selector adapted to actuate the latch to release the rod 26 andreceiver when the firearm is converted to a position for full-automaticoperation.

The inner end of the barrel is secured in the end of the receiver block12, as illustrated in FIGURES 3 and 4, and the extended end of thebarrel, which is mounted in an L-shaped bearing 27 that is secured inthe stock with a screw 28, is covered with a shield 29 that is securedto the barrel with a screw 30 in a collar 31. The barrel is alsoslidably mounted in a collar 32 that extends around an extension 33 ofthe stock and that is secured in position with a clamp 34 to which theextended end of a strap 35 may be attached with an eye or loop 36.

As illustrated in FIGURE 2, the receiver 12 is positioned to receivecartridges from a magazine, as indicated by broken lines 37 and themagazine is adapted to be secured in position in hammer housing group 38that is pivotally secured on a pin 39 and that is retained in positionwith a magazine catch 40.

The receiver 12 block is provided with a conventional peep sight 41mounted on a bracket 42 and provided with a center groove 43 and sidegrooves 44 and 45. The peep sight is provided with an adjusting screw46.

A shoulder piece 47 for the stock is secured to extensions 48 and 49with screws 50 and 51, respectively, and the trigger 18 is provided witha guard 52.

The hammer 14, which is of conventional design and which is pivotallymounted with the pin 20, is provided with a notch 53 in which theforward end of the conventional sear is adapted to be positioned to holdthe hammer in the cocked position. The spring 21 which actuates thehammer is positioned around a rod 54 the forward end of which ispositioned in a slot 55 in the hammer 14. The opposite end of the rod 54extends into an opening in a socket 56 at the end of the receiver 12.

A recoil actuated bolt 57, which is provided with a conventional firingpin, extractor and ejector, is provided with a key 58 that slides into anotch 59 in the slide and with the parts in the firing position as shownin the FIG- URES 1 and 2 and the bolt is also provided with an operableconnection between a conventional slide that is provided with a finger60 with which the bolt is withdrawn for manual operation, such as inloading the rifle. The slide is connected to a spring not shown thatreturns the breech bolt 57 to the position shown in FIGURE 1 after thefiring of the firearm. This action results from the fact that the slideis connected to the fore part of the breech bolt 57 so that just priorto reaching its full return movement a pivoted portion on the fore partof the breech bolt 57 is given a slight rotative movement to lock thebreech bolt 57 to the barrel at the breech or rear end of the barrelbore of the barrel. As in all United States M-l carbines the bolt 57 ismoved rearwardly to ejecting position under the gas recoil mechanismthat is conventional in all of this type of carbine and since theseparts are disclosed in the United States M-l carbine and it is notbelieved that a specific showing of these parts are necessary to clearlydisclose applicants invention.

The sliding receiver 12 is mounted in a liner or casing, L-shaped inplan, having a side wall 61 and an end wall 62 from which the extensions48 and 49 project, and, with the parts in position for full-automaticfiring, the recoil action moves the barrel and receiver 12 to theposition illustrated with the broken lines 63 in FIGURE 8 whereby thereceiver is substantially in engagement with the wall 62 at which timethe receiver 12 is in empty case ejection position and upon ejection ofthe empty case and the insertion of a new cartridge from the magazinewithin the receiver the firearm is arranged for the recoil action and inthe recoil action the stabilizer spring 13 returns the barrel andreceiver to the firing position. At this time the spring connected tothe slide will also return the breech bolt 57 to firing position as inFIGURE 1.

In semi-automatic operation, the receiver is returned to the positionshown in FIGURE 4 and since the rod 26 is fixed to and slides with thebarrel and receiver 12 the latch 24 will snap into the notch 25 limitingforward movement of the barrel and receiver and the trigger 18 isreleased for another firing operation in which the pivoted dog 16resumes its perpendicular firing position as shown in FIGURE 2.

The trigger 18, which is pivotally mounted on the pin 23, is providedwith an arm 64 that is positioned to engage a projection 65 on theauxiliary sear 17 whereby an opposite end of the auxiliary sear is movedupwardly to engage an actuator 66, similar to the base of a conventionaltrigger and the sear 15 is moved to release the hammer. A spring 67 ispositioned between the actuator 66 and the sear 15 and the extended endof the actuator is provided with a notch 68 into which the end of aspring 69 extends for urging the actuator downwardly to contact theupper end of the pivot dog 16. The dog is pivotally mounted with a pin70 in the lower portion of the trigger assembly casing 71, and with thefirearm in fullautomatic position, the dog is retained in a verticallydisposed position with a tooth 72 on the end of the selector 19. Theselector is pivotally mounted on a pin 73 and the selector is adapted tobe moved laterally with a pin 74 slidably mounted in an opening 75 inthe stock and provided with a notch 76 into which the lower edge of theselector extends, as illustrated in FIGURE 12.

In the full-automatic position, the tooth 72 of the selector is adaptedto retain the pivoted dog 16 in an upright or perpendicular position, asillustrated in FIGURE 3, and with the recoil action resulting fromfiring the dog is moved rearwardly by the actuator 66, to the positionshown in FIGURE 7. In this movement the latch 24 drops below the notch25 in the rod 26 and with the trigger held the receiver and barrel areadapted to be moved forwardly and fired with the forward action of thefirearm assembly caused by the stabilizer spring 13.

The latch 24, which is pivotally mounted by hubs 77 and 78 on a pin 79,is resiliently held by a spring 80, one end of which extends through anopening 81 in the latch and the other below a pin 82 on a wall 83 of thetrigger assembly casing. The dog 16 is pivotlly mounted on the auxiliarysear and is resiliently held by a spring 84, one end 85 of which extendsover the auxiliary sear and the opposite end 86 of which extends below apin 87 also positioned on the wall 83 of the casing.

The sear 15 is provided with a slotted opening 88 through which the pin22 extends whereby the sear is adapted to slide longitudinally whenactuated with the device 66, a projection 89 of which is positioned toengage the end of the sear.

The button or pin 74 is provided with a recess having notches 90 and 91in the lower surface, the notches being positioned to be engaged by apin 92 which is actuated by a spring 93 to frictionally retain the pin74 in selective positions such as with the parts arranged forsemiautomatic or full-automatic firing. The upper end of the pin 92 ispositioned in a sleeve 94 and the parts are retained in the sleeve witha plug 95. The pin 92 is provided with a head 96 that is adapted .toengage a shoulder 97 in the sleeve to limit upward movement of the pin.

The dog 16 is provided with a notch 98 that is positioned to receive theend of a spring 99, as shown in FIG- URE 14, for retaining the dog in aposition perpendicular to the axis of the barrel to hold the parts inposition for semi-automatic operation of the firearm, as shown in FIGURE3.

The sleeve 94 forms a forward end of the trigger guard 52 and from thesleeve the trigger assembly casing extends forwardly with an arcuateplate 100, the leading edge of the plate 100 being secured by a clip 101extended downwardly from the stock.

The liner or plates 61 and 62 are secured in a cavity or slot 102 in thestock with screws 103 and 104 which extend through the side wall of thestock and are threaded into the plate 61.

The stabilizing spring 13 is positioned over a telescoping rod 105 whichis secured, at the large end, by a projection 106 in the plate 62 and,as illustrated in FIG- URE 9, the projection 106 extends from a collar107. The extended end of the spring 13 is secured to a pin 108 that ispivotally mounted in a projection 109 at the forward end of the receiver12, the pin extending through portions 110 and 111 of the receiver and,also as shown in FIGURE 9, the receiver is provided with a sliding block112, the ends of which are positioned in slots 113.

For semi-automatic operation of the firearm, the button or pin 74 ispressed outwardly moving the selector 19 from the position shown inFIGURE '5 to a' position against the side wall of the casing whereby thedog 16 is released from tooth 72 and with the parts positioned forsemi-automatic operation of the firearm, the recoil action drives thebarrel and receiver 12 rearwardly'with the latch 24 snapping into thenotch 25 of the rod 26 to retain the parts in the position shown inFIGURE 4 and in the forward movement after the recoil the pivoted dog 16is moved to the forwardly inclined position to avoid raising of theactuator 66 whereby the sear 1-5 locks the hammer 14 in the cockedposition whereby it is necessary to actuate the trigger 18 to allow thepivoted dog 16 to be moved to the perpendicular firing position, as inFIG- URE 2, ready for the next semi-automatic fire.

With the parts positioned for full-automatic operation of the firearm,the button or pin 74 is pressed inwardly moving the selector 19 to theposition shown in FIGURE 10, whereby the dog 16 is held by the tooth 72,and in the recoil action the spring 80 elevates the rear portion of theauxiliary sear 17 actuating the selector 19 whereby the latch 24 ismoved downwardly to release the rod 26, receiver and barrel so that withthe trigger 18 held rear- Wardly the parts are free to be returned bythe stabilizing spring 13 to the forward or firing position. In thisaction the hammer is automatically released, the conventional sear 15being retained in spaced relation to the hammer by the dog 16 andactuator 66. By this means continuous operation of the firearm isobtained and the receiver and barrel slide rearwardly extracting andejecting a shell and receiving a cartridge from the magazine with eachrecoil action.

It will be understood that modifications, within the scope of theappended claims, may be made in the design and arrangement of the partswithout departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:

l. A firearm comprising a stock, a barrel mounted for sliding movementin said stock, a receiver fixed to said barrel and slidable therewith, ahammer pivotally mounted in the stock and positioned to coact with thebarrel for firing a cartridge therein, a trigger operatively connectedto the hammer, a liner mounted in said stock, said receiver beingmounted in said liner for mounting the barrel and receiver in the stockwhereby the barrel and receiver are free to slide rearwardly in thestock with the recoil action resulting from firing a cartridge in thebarrel, and resilient means mounted in said liner and engaging the rearof said receiver for returning the barrel and receiver to the firingposition. 1

2. A firearm comprising a stock, said stock having an elongated slot inthe inter-mediate part, a barrel mounted to slide longitudinally in thestock, a liner mounted in saidstock, a receiver slidably mounted in saidliner and to which the barrel is connected, said liner slidably mountingthe receiver in the slot of the stock, said liner being 'L-shaped information and having a side wall and an end wall, a hammer mounted inthe receiver, and a trigger mounted in the stock and positioned toactuate the hammer assembly to fire -a cartridge in the barrel, andresilient means mounted between the end wall of the liner and thereceiver for returning the barrel to the firing position.

3. A firearm comprising a stock having an elongated slot in theintermediate part, an L-shaped liner having a side wall and an end wallmounted in the slot, a receiver slidably mounted in the linerthat ismounted in the slot of the stock, a barrel carried by the receiver andextended from the end of the stock, said barrel also being mounted toslide longitudinally of the stock, a stabilizing spring positioned inthe stock intermediate of the re- .ceiver and, end wall of the liner,for receiving the recoil action of the firearm and for returning thereceiver and barrel to the firing position, ,a hammer pivotally mountedin the receiver and positioned to fire a cartridge in the barrel bymeans of a bolt in the receiver, a spring in the receiver for actuatingthe hammer, a conventional sear mounted in the receiver and positionedto retain the hammer in a cocked position, an actuator pivotally mount-.ed 1111116 receiver and positioned to actuate the seat to release thehammer, a dog pivotally mounted in the stock and adapted to retain theactuator in a position whereby the sear is spaced from the hammer forfull-automatic operation of the firearm, an auxiliary sear adapted toactuate the dog, and a trigger adapted to engage the auxiliary sear foroperating the dog, actuator and conventional sear to release the hammer:Eor semi-automatic operation of the firearm.

4. A firearm comprising a stock having an elongated slot in theintermediate part, an L-shaped liner having a side wall and an end wallmounted in the slot, a receiver slidably mounted in the liner that ismounted in the slot of the stock, a barrel carried by the receiver andextended from the end of the stock, said barrel also being mounted toslide longitudinally of the stock, a stabilizing spring positioned inthe stock intermediate of the receiver and end wall of the liner forreceiving the recoil action of the firearm and for returning thereceiver and barrel to the firing position, a hammer pivotally mountedin the receiver and positioned to fire a cartridge in the barrel bymeans of a bolt in the receiver, a spring in the receiver for actuatingthe hammer, a conventional sear mounted in the receiver and positionedto retain the hammer in a cocked position, an actuator pivotally mountedin the receiver and positioned to actuate the sear to release thehammer, a dog pivotally mounted in the stock and adapted to retain theactuator in a position whereby the sear is spaced from the hammer -forfullautomatic operation of the firearm, an auxiliary sear adapted toactuate the dog, a selector pivotally mounted in the stock and adaptedto retain the receiver in an intermediate position for semi-automaticoperation of the firearm, and a trigger adapted to engage the auxiliarysear for operating the dog, actuator and conventional sear to releasethe hammer for semi-automatic operation of the firearm.

5. A firearm comprising a stock having an elongated slot in theintermediate part, an L-shaped liner having a side wall and an end wallmounted in the slot, a receiver slidably mounted in the liner that ismounted in the slot of the stock, a barrel carried by the receiver andextended from the end of the stock, said barrel also being mounted toslide longitudinally of the stock, a stabilizing spring positioned inthe stock intermediate of the receiver and end wall of the liner forreceiving the recoil action of the firearm and for returning thereceiver and barrel to the firing position, a hammer pivotally mounted 7in the receiver and positioned to fire a cartridge in the barrel bymeans of a bolt in the receiver, a spring in the receiver for actuatingthe hammer, a conventional sear mounted in the receiver and positionedto retain the hammer in a cocked position, an actuator pivotally mountedin the receiver and positioned to actuate the sear to release thehammer, a dog pivotally mounted in the stock and adapted to retain theactuator in a position whereby the sear is spaced from the hammer forfull-automatic operation of the firearm, an auxiliary sear adapted toactuate the dog, a selector pivotally mounted in the stock and adaptedto retain the receiver in an intermediate position for semiautomaticoperation of the firearm, a trigger adapted to engage the auxiliary searfor operating the dog, actuator andconventional sear to release thehammer for semi-automatic operation of the firearm, and a transverselydisposed pin slidably mounted in the stock for actuating the auxiliarysear to release the pivotally mounted dog for full-automatic operationof the firearm.

6. A firearm comprising a stock having an elongated slot in theintermediate part, an L-shaped liner having a side wall and an end wallmounted in the slot, a receiver slidably mounted in the liner that ismounted in the slot of the stock, a barrel carried by the receiver andextended from the end of the stock, said barrel also being mounted toslide longitudinally of the stock, a stabilizing spring positioned inthe stock intermediate of the receiver and end wall of the liner forreceiving the recoil action of the firearm and for returning thereceiver and barrel to the firing position, a hammer pivotally mountedin the receiver and positioned to the a cartridge in the barrel by meansof a bolt in the receiver, a spring'in the receiver for actuating thehammer, a conventional sear mounted in the receiver and positioned toretain the hammer in a cocked position, an actuator pivotally mounted inthe receiver and positioned to actuate the sear to release the hammer, adog pivotally mounted in the stock and adapted to retain the actuator ina position whereby the sear is spaced from the hammer for full-automaticoperation of the firearm, an auxiliary sear upon which the dog ispivotally mounted, a selector mounted in the stock and adapted to retainthe receiver in an intermediate position for semi-automatic operation ofthe firearm, a trigger adapted to engage the auxiliary sear foroperating the dog, actuator and conventional sear to release the hammerfor semiautomatic operation of the firearm, a transversely disposed pinslidably mounted in the stock for actuating the selector to release thepivotally mounted dog for full-automatic operation of the firearm, and aspring actuated pin for retaining the former pin in selected positions.

Chevallier et a1. June 6, 1950 Lochhead Jan. 30, 1951

